ABSTRACT
Background: Evidence has shown that the COVID-19 pandemic can have unpleasant side effects for pregnant women and fetuses. Therefore, vaccination of pregnant women was performed to make this group safe. In order to consolidate the existing knowledge about the effectiveness and consequences of pregnancy in women who underwent this vaccination, this study was designed and implemented. Methods: In this systematic review study, all published studies up to 24.2.2022 were included in the study. The studies were searched in the databases of Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus using the keywords Pregnancy, COVID-19 Virus Vaccines, Pregnancy Complications and fetal outcome. The two researchers independently reviewed the articles for quality assessment (using the Newcastle-Ottawa tool) and extracted their main findings. Findings: In this review study, 10 studies were included in accordance with the inclusion criteria with 40522 pregnant women who received the COVID-19 vaccine. The incidence of maternal complications after vaccination was extremely low. Among pregnant women, there was no significant difference in maternal complications based on whether the vaccine was given in the first, second or third trimester of pregnancy. Covid-19 vaccination during pregnancy was not associated with an increase in pregnancy complications or delivery. Conclusion: Considering that the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccine are important factors in achieving population immunity, more acceptance of vaccines is essential to achieve adequate immunization coverage. Health care providers can use the available data to educate and empower pregnant women to make informed decisions.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: It is important to adhere to infection control measures in dental procedures due to direct contact with blood and saliva. During the Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, regular surveillance is imperative to ensure adherence to the standards. AIM: This study aimed to assess the level of adherence to infection control guidelines in specialized dental clinics in different working shifts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study assessed the level of adherence of 45 selected dental departments to three main guidelines released by (I) the center for disease control (CDC), (II) the Ministry of Health (MOH), and (III) armed forces organization (AFO) in three different working shift. The CDC checklist had eight domains. Thus, the items of each domain were individually scored, and considering the weighting coefficient of each item, the total score was calculated. The same procedure was carried out for the two remaining guidelines. The possible effect of working shifts and different specialties on infection control practice was also calculated. RESULT(S): The mean rate of adherence was 70.7% to the CDC, 93.8% to the MOH, and 84.4% to the AFO guidelines indicating that adherence to the CDC guidelines was lower than the other two domestic guidelines. Individual assessment of each item revealed that hand hygiene (39%) and safe handling and disposal of sharp instruments (46%) acquired the lowest, while sterilization (79%) and safe injection (97%) acquired the highest score according to the CDC checklist. There was no relationship between working shifts and dental specialties regarding the adherence to infection control standards. CONCLUSION(S): Dental clinics had different performances regarding infection control guidelines. Further emphasis should be placed on hand hygiene and disposal of sharp instruments. Copyright © 2022 Mohammad Ali Keshvad, Mohammad Taghi Vatandoust, Elahe Tahmasebi, Mohsen Yazdanian, Hormoz Sanaeinasab, Mahmood Salesi, Esmaeil Rafiei.